The forces applied to the ring during ring rolling

We have to rotate and press the ring to make it a small ring to a big ring.
And we have to apply the driving and pressing forces in 2 directions, radial and axial directions.
So there are 4 forces applied to the ring during ring rolling.
1. Radial driving(Tr), 2. Radial pressing(Fr), 3. Axial driving(Ta), 4. Axial pressing(Fa).
Here are the parts in the ring rolling machine that make these 4 forces.
1. Main roll – Radial driving,
2. Mandrel Bar – Radial press,
3. Axial roll – Axial driving,
4. Axial roll – Axial pressing.
Most of the ring rolling machine use DC motors to generate driving force and use Hydraulic cylinder to generate pressing force.

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